Ionic Essays

Ionic Essays Ionic Essay Ionic Essay Characterize and depict ionic and covalent bonds. An ionic bond is a sort of compound bond framed through an electrostatic fascination between two oppositely charged particles. A covalent bond is the compound bond that includes the sharing of sets of electrons between particles. A compound is made when at least two molecules structure a substance bond, connecting them together. The two kinds of bonds are ionic bonds and covalent bonds. In an ionic bond, the molecules are bound together by the fascination between oppositely charged particles. In the event that the electron is shared similarly between the iotas framing a covalent bond, at that point the bond is supposed to be nonpolar. An electron is more pulled in to one particle than to another which shaping a polar covalent bond. Ionic bonds are shaped between a cation and an anion. Unadulterated ionic holding can't exist: every ionic compound have some level of covalent holding. An ionic bond is viewed as a bond where the ionic character is more noteworthy than the covalent character. The bigger the distinction in electronegativity between the two iotas associated with the bond, the more ionic the bond is. Bonds with mostly ionic and halfway covalent character are called polar covalent bonds. Ionic holding is a type of no covalent holding. Ionic mixes direct power when liquid or in arrangement, yet not as a strong. They for the most part have a high dissolving point and will in general be solvent in water. The steady parity of alluring and ghastly powers between molecules when they share electrons is known as covalent holding. For some particles, the sharing of electrons permits every molecule to achieve what could be compared to a full external shell, relating to a stable electronic setup. Covalent holding incorporates numerous sorts of collaboration, including ? - holding, ? - holding, metal-to-metal holding, freethinker communications, and three-focus two-electron securities. The term covalent bond dates from 1939. The prefix co-implies mutually, related in real life, collaborated less significantly generally, implies that the molecules share valence. Particle H2, the hydrogen molecules share the two electrons by means of covalent holding. Covalency is most noteworthy between particles of comparable electronegativity. Covalent holding doesn't really require the two molecules be of similar components, just that they are of practically identical electronegativity. Albeit covalent holding involves sharing of electrons, it isn't really delocalized.

The Human Rights Act 1998 was a constitutional mistake. Discuss Essay

The Human Rights Act 1998 was a sacred slip-up. Talk about - Essay Example Subsequently, HRA has adjusted the style where the UK courts would move toward the household enactment. Further, the adversaries of the HRA vociferously contend that since the rights infringement is as of now secured under the customary law, there is no compelling reason to administer separate law to be specific HRA. The pundits contend that the Human Rights Act 1998 was a sacred error. This paper will examine why there is a need to revoke the present structure HRA in an explanatory manner and come to an end result. Regardless of whether the Human Rights Act 1998 was a protected slip-up? Two fundamental claims charged against HRA is that it politicizes the legal executive and remove the real authority delighted in by the chosen agents, and it advocates a fault or pay cultural assimilation whereby society goes to be dynamically more contentious5. One of the genuine charges against the Human Rights Act 1998 is that it stays as a danger to open security and rights. For example, followin g 9/11 assault in USA, the then British Home Secretary made an open admonition to the legal executive to stop applying the HRA in manners, which disappointed the UK government plans. The pioneer of the moderate party is of the sentiment that appropriate corrections ought to be made in the HRA to oust the individuals who were empowering fear based oppression in UK soil as the HRA was exhibiting to be an obstruction to shield the lives of UK residents. Preservationist party is of the feeling that HRA has made a culture that has hampered law authorization apparatus and the control of sentenced criminal and discouraged the extradition of fear monger suspects. Preservationist is additionally of the sentiment that HRA has not prevailing with regards to defending the consumption of the conventional freedoms and may have even offered a veneer of decency. Ruler Chancellor during March 2009 saw his anguish that HRA has been commoditised which was authenticated by the individuals who focused o n their benefits in a narrow minded manner without having worried about the benefits of others. Pundits are of the view that HRA is progressively worried about rights subsequently thoroughly disregarding obligations from UK residents. Further, there has been progressing conversation, regardless of whether the HRA has clouted the specific harmony between the courts, Parliament and the official. Pundits have come against the arrangement in the Article 3 of the European Convention on Human Rights (ECHR) and extradition of fear based oppressors which have set the security of general society at risk. A few pundits energetically contend that there ought to be a submission, regardless of whether to save the Human Rights Act 1998 or not. A few pundits have contended that there ought to be a choice on any plan to pull back the HRA or to present the Bill of Rights which would essentially solidify a few opportunities of individuals6. HRA will amazingly affect legal understanding. HRA offers th e court with the force and commitment to decipher and apply the law in a style that cooks the ECHR commitments. It is claimed that HRA misses the mark concerning approving UK courts to repeal enactment, which isn't perfect with the ECHR. Condition 3 requests the UK court

Good Topics to Write the Common App Essay About

Good Topics to Write the Common App Essay AboutGood topics to write the common app essay about are difficult to come by. The particular topic that you choose will usually depend on your audience, your academic background, and what your college expects you to teach. Keep in mind that if you are writing for the honors college you will need to present a more in depth idea.The idea of this type of essay is to discuss a real world issue that people can relate to, and discuss problems that they have. It is also a way to add a personal touch into the school, not only because it is your name on the paper, but because you are able to relate back to the students in some way.Common topics to write the common app essay about are even more interesting, especially when you consider the different type of schools that the honors colleges admit into their community. For example, a science major may talk about the problem they face trying to find out the answers to the questions they may have. The lib eral arts major may discuss things such as the difficulty of finding a job after college due to a bad economy.The topic should be presented in a way that the reader can relate to it. This may mean that the writer makes his or her information presented in an interesting way so that the reader feels that they are part of the problem. Some examples of topics that may be included in this kind of essay are:It may seem easy to write, but finding the right topic to write the common app essay about is often difficult. You should always keep in mind that writing this type of essay should be a challenging experience. If you don't feel that the topic that you will choose has a lot of meaning or substance, you might want to choose another one.Writing about a topic that is so in depth is not always an easy task to accomplish. Fortunately, there are plenty of resources available to help you. There are a lot of books written about such topics, which you can buy over the Internet. You can also purc hase other learning resources on the Internet that will help you with the process of teaching yourself how to write such an essay.Other great resources that you can use to help you find topics to write the common app essay about include Google Books, Academic Search, and Free Text Corpus. These are all free online resources where you can get information on a wide variety of topics. Your search should find what you are looking for.Another resource that you may consider is a website such as TheCommonAppEssayWriter.com. This website is full of articles on various topics related to the common app essay. If you wish to look up more ideas about the topics to write the common app essay about, this is an excellent resource to use.

The Role of Technology in Quality Education - 1760 Words

THE ROLE OF TECHNOLOGY IN QUALITY EDUCATION Dr.R.Sivakumar Assistant Professor Department of Education Annamalai University Introduction Quality education is a universal goal. It is common to hear arguments that instructional technology will be the key to educational quality as we enter the new millennium. Investment in educational technology is urged upon policy-makers as the path to educational quality. In fact, enthusiasts for educational technology argue that quality has and will continue to increase rapidly, creating a new educational culture Whatever problems exist are seen as ones which can be handled through better administrative and technological planning - that is, technology believers perceive no†¦show more content†¦* The institution evaluates the programs educational effectiveness, including assessments of student learning outcomes, student retention, and student and faculty satisfaction. Students have access to such program evaluation data. * The institution provides for assessment and documentation of student achievement in each course and at completion of the program. Empowerment in Online Education Technology enthusiasts believe online methods will liberate learning from the confines of the lecture hall, but it can be difficult to reconcile distance education with empowerment of students and faculty. One common tactic where empowerment is a goal of distance education at all is to keep guidelines-from-on-high to a minimum and to rely on local autonomy. Recent position, quality assurance in distance education, however, have noted with dismay the drift toward standards imposed from above. Remote learning would simply lead to students staying at home in front of computer keyboards instead of being taught in a school environment. This is way out of touch with the expectations of parents who want their children to develop both socially with other students and educationally under the guidance of qualified teachers†. Online Education and Community The community of scholars was central to the traditional concept of higher education. The thrust of online education advocacy is toShow MoreRelatedThe Role of Technology in Quality Education1774 Words   |  8 PagesTHE ROLE OF TECHNOLOGY IN QUALITY EDUCATION Dr.R.Sivakumar Assistant Professor Department of Education Annamalai University Introduction Quality education is a universal goal. It is common to hear arguments that instructional technology will be the key to educational quality as we enter the new millennium. Investment in educational technology is urged upon policy-makers as the path to educational quality. In fact, enthusiasts for educational technology argue that quality has andRead MoreImportance Of Information And Communication Technology In Teacher Education1300 Words   |  6 PagesInformation and Communication Technology in Teacher Education in India: Benefits and Barriers Abstract: Teacher education plays a vital role in developing quality education which is the present requirement in the modem information communication era. Teacher educators are the basis producing the future teachers who are the pillars of nations. The quality of teacher education programmes depend on the quality of teacher educators who are the teachers of teachers. They should be well equipped withRead MoreBusiness Strategy Towards Global Education1234 Words   |  5 Pagestowards education (Pearson, n.d.). Pearson employs approximately forty thousand employees with one-third located in emerging markets (SEC, 2015). The company officially shifted the corporate strategy towards global education and by streamlining technology in 2013 (Radjou Pradhu, 2013; Pearson, n.d.a). In 2012, Tim Bozik, the president of the higher education division, began consolidating duplicative groups within higher education ahead of the broader organization beginning its technology consolidationRead MoreImporta nce Of Information Technology In Teacher Education1566 Words   |  7 PagesInformation and Communication Technology in Teacher Education in India: Benefits and Barriers Abstract: Teacher education plays a vital role in developing quality education which is the present requirement in the modem information communication era. Teacher educators are the basis producing the future teachers who are the pillars of nations. The quality of teacher education programmes depend on the quality of teacher educators who are the teachers of teachers. They should be well equipped withRead MoreHealth Care, Different Types Of Data, Information, And Knowledge Of Nurses981 Words   |  4 Pageswhat role nursing plays in those changes; and what responsibility the nursing student has regarding informatics. Influence of Informatics in Nursing All nurses utilize information skills in their practice. The influence of informatics in the medical field has encouraged nurses to specialize in nursing informatics. Nursing informatics is â€Å"defined as the use of information and computer technology to support all aspects of nursing practice, including delivery of care, administration, education and research†Read MoreUnderstanding The Need For Nursing Informatics1393 Words   |  6 Pagesthrough the use of technology. It plays an important role in education and nursing work (Darvish, A., et al., 2014). The need to study the role of nurses and highlight appropriate information technology (IT) education programs to integrate with the ever increasing pace of scientific and technological development is key (Darvish, A., et al., 2014). The term â€Å"nursing informatics† (NI) has been coined to connect this type of expertise of applying IT with nursing duties like education, management, andRead MoreA Conceptual Definit ion Model For Advanced Practice Nursing907 Words   |  4 Pageswithin the advanced practice role. Hamric created a conceptual definition model for advanced practice nursing (APN) with defining characteristics that identify several core competencies, Guidance and coaching,Consultation,Evidence-based practice, Leadership, Collaboration,Ethical decision making.Hamric s (APN) core competencies are an umbrella for the additional role-specific and educational competencies for a nurse practitioner (NP) and nursing informatics (NI). The role of an NI is categorized asRead MoreProfessional Roles And Development Plan1206 Words   |  5 PagesProfessional Roles and Development Plan The nursing workforce plays an essential role in our health care system and the role of nursing is evolving due to shortage of nurses, new emerging technology within the healthcare system and the needs to provide quality of care in the most cost effective ways. The focus of this paper is to analyze the roles and the required skills of the baccalaureate prepared nurse in the 21st century healthcare system. In addition, I will also describe my career developmentRead MoreUsing A Simple Tool Of Technology Like Blackboard Essay1023 Words   |  5 PagesAbstract Education and technology have been working together in the recent years in the world. Technology does not already apply to education in the Arab world, particularly in rich countries such as Saudi Arabia. After class, students have trouble communicating with teachers to discuss their classes or submit assignments. Therefore, I decided to start a project of how to apply using a simple tool of technology like blackboard in higher education in S.A I am trying to enter this technology (blackboard)Read MoreImportance of Technical Education879 Words   |  4 PagesTechnical Education plays a vital role in human resource development of the country by creating skilled manpower, enhancing industrial productivity and improving the quality of life. Technical Education covers courses and programmes in engineering, technology, management, architecture, town planning, pharmacy and applied arts amp; crafts, hotel management and catering technology.    The technical education system in the country can be broadly classified into three categories – Central Government

The Effect of Illegal Immigration on the US Economy Essay

The United States of America, being a country founded by immigrants, is known all over the world as the land of great opportunities. People from all walks of life travelled across the globe, taking a chance to find a better life for them and their family. Over the years, the population of immigrants has grown immensely, resulting in the currently controversial issue of illegal immigration. Illegal immigrants are the people who have overstayed the time granted on their US, visa or those who have broken the federal law by crossing the border illegally. Matt O’Brien stated in his article â€Å"The government thinks that 10.8 million illegal immigrants lived in the country in January 2009, down from a peak of nearly 12 million in 2007.†(Para, 2)†¦show more content†¦Douglas S. Masey stated in his article that â€Å"the usage rate for food stamps and welfare among illegal immigrants has remained as low as three percent to four percent over the past two decades but the percentage of illegal immigrants sending their children to public schools fell from 12 percent during 1987-1992 to just 7 percent for the years 1997-2002.† (Para, 6) Illegal immigrants make up the unskilled sector of the population and work mainly in the agricultural, construction and service industry. Border Angels is a non-profit organization that supports illegal immigrants and aims to stop the unnecessary deaths of individuals travelling through the desert areas along the borders of United States. They provide them with water and other supplies they need to help them on their journey. We Are America another organization that provides the public with illegal immigrant stories and how immigration has affected them and that they are real people. They want to let their voice be heard that they are also apart of America. American Immigration Lawyers Association is another organization that supports illegal immigrants by promoting justice, advocate for fair and reasonable immigration laws and policies. Contrary to this, others believe that illegal immigrants threaten the United States HealthCare System, Madeline Pelner Cosman stated, â€Å"In 1994, 74987 anchor babies in California hospital maternity unit cost $215 million and constituted 36 percent ofShow MoreRelatedImmigration Reform Of The United States1397 Words   |  6 PagesIn 1986, the United States enacted The Immigration Reform and Control Act which made it illegal to hire illegal immigrants. This is by far the biggest reform made in recent history. Immigration reform is simply making changes to a country’s immigration policies for the better. It has been a huge and controversial topic since 1986 and even more so when President Obama proposed a reform himself in 2009. According to Obama, this reform would improve border enforcement, be stricter on visa overstaysRead MoreThe Effects Of Mexican Immigration On The United States1252 Words   |  6 PagesRUNNING HEAD: IMMIGRATION POLICY Immigration Policy in the United States: The Effects of Immigration on the Legal, Native Workforce Christopher R. Surfus, MBA, MPA Western Michigan University School of Public Affairs and Administration PADM-6840 Management of Public Financial Resources Professor Robert Peters, Ph.D. December 3, 2015 Immigration Policy in the United States: The Effects of Mexican Immigration on the Legal Workforce ABSTRACT INTRODUCTION ImmigrationRead MoreThe Rights Of Illegal Immigration1690 Words   |  7 PagesGuarintino was a Spanish immigrant who moved here into the United States. Juan worked for General Faucets and Plumbing and loved every minute of his job. There was only one problem that Juan was struggling with in America. Juan Guarintino was an illegal immigrant who had paid someone to smuggle him into the United States and make him a fake visa card. Now, a few days ago, he shot a man for the twenty dollars in his pocket that way he could manage his chronic cocaine problem, but the police have caughtRead MoreThe Cost of Illegal Imigration Essays1560 Words   |  7 PagesOur 32nd President Franklin Roosevelt once said the famous words of,† Remember, remember always, that all of us, and you and I especially, are descended from immigrants and revolutionists.† (Roosevelt, Franklin) In the dilemma we face today people love to bring this up as an excuse. In all the years our great country has be en established, we have always thrived upon immigrants, because even we are descended from immigrants. However when others come here to our country and are not documented andRead MoreIllegal Immigration Is The United States Essay1643 Words   |  7 Pagesto the land of opportunity because it is the only true free country in the world. Because of this, the issue of illegal immigration is, and always been occurring since day one. The defined definition of the term â€Å"illegal immigration† is the migration of people across national borders in a way that violates the immigration laws of the destination country. There are thousands of illegals that get inside the United States borders every single day. Whether it is from getting over the border, throughRead MoreImmigration On The United States1302 Words   |  6 PagesImmigration Rights in the U.S. Immigration has occurred in the U.S. for for many years. Some say it’s the foundation of our country. America is the country where people leave their own country to live. People would leave due to mistreatment, hunger issues or job opportunities. America is known for starting over or accomplishing dreams, so immigrants travel over to follow those dreams. People emigrate from one country to another for a variety of complex reasons. Some are forced to move, due to conflictRead MoreThe Dangers Surrounding the United States and Mexican Boarder1048 Words   |  4 Pagescountry from crossing over the border illegally. For example, SB1070 was created because of the immigration problem in the state of Arizona â€Å"SB1070 was intended to scare immigrants back into Mexico† (Karaim, Reed). If immigration wasn’t a problem then this law would have never existed or been created in the first place. It also affects us by putting us in great danger. People are desperate and would do anything to get across the border, notRead MoreIllegal Immigrants : Illegal Immigration1627 Words   |  7 PagesIllegal Immigration in the US What does illegal immigration mean to a hard working, middle class worker providing for a family of four? What does illegal immigration mean to someone who is getting jobs taken right underneath them from illegal immigrants that are willing to work the same job for a lower paycheck? What does illegal immigration mean to someone who is in need for a job? Illegal immigration is an epidemic occurring in the United States of America, the land of the free (to the legal citizens)Read MoreKnowing More about Immigration Essay942 Words   |  4 PagesImmigration has been around ever since people have chosen to move around to different lands other than their own to settle and live on. The United States is one big melting pot of immigrants; it is made up of immigrants from everywhere in the world: people from Ireland, Germany, China, and everywhere else. According to bbc.co.uk immigrants migrate because of â€Å"pull factors† which are reasons why people immigrate somewhere new. Some ex amples of pull factors are higher employment rates, more money,Read MoreImmigration Is A Foreign Policy Hot Topic1296 Words   |  6 PagesImmigration according to definitions online is â€Å"the movement of people into a destination country to which they are not native or do not possess its citizenship in order to settle or reside there, especially as permanent residents or naturalized citizens, or to take-up employment as a migrant worker or temporarily as a foreign worker.† However, in order to understand why immigration has become a foreign policy hot topic, we must understand the history of immigration. Since the initial settlers

An Analysis Of Laura In The Glass Menagerie - 1579 Words

Longing for Impossible Freedom: An analysis of Laura in The Glass Menagerie The French actor and enthusiast, Vincent Cassel, pronounced â€Å"You can’t escape from what you are†. No matter how much a person dislikes who they are, they will never be able to escape their body and their mind. People can attempt to forget who they are and what their life is like, but in the end, they will always be stuck in their current situation. Similarly, Laura, in The Glass Menagerie, deals with her self consciousness issues from her leg being disabled. No matter what she does to try and be normal and forget about her uniqueness, it will still be there in the end. In the memory play, The Glass Menagerie by Tennessee Williams, the mother, Amanda, and her two†¦show more content†¦A trance is dream and dreams are not real. When people dream, they dream of a perfect life where they wish to escape to, but it is not real. Music is a distraction when Laura can feel safe and isolated from the rest of the world to dream about her perfect life. Like a record that is put in a Victrola, that keeps playing the same tune all the time, Laura represents the record inside the victrola. She is trapped inside the apartment, doing the same thing everyday, and all she wants to do is escape from it. Additionally, when Amanda finds out that Laura has skipped business college, Laura explains to Amanda, â€Å" I went in the art museum and the bird houses at the zoo. I visited the penguins everyday †(15). Laura visits the art museum because art provides her to live in a fantasy of the pictures that paintings provide. Laura wishes to live in the art, but in the end, the paintings are just paintings and they may have been just a vision from the brain and they may not even be real. Most artists paint from the vision of their imagination. Laura went to see the penguins, which are birds that can’t fly, symbolizing Laura with her disability. Laura visits the penguins in order to provide her with a connection with them that she can’t get in the apartment. Unfortunately, at the end of the day, the zoo closes, forcing her to return back to her life at the apartment. Because Laura is initially awkward and â€Å"weird† from the rest of society, she visits the zoo,Show MoreRelatedLiterary Analysis of The Glass Menagerie by Tenessee Williams1462 Words   |  6 PagesThe Glass Menagerie by Tennessee Williams had ordinary people in an ordinary life that closely resembled the influences of Williams’ personal life while having reoccurring themes and motifs throughout the story. The play has been done by many with some variations in the scripts and setting while still clinging to the basic ideas of the original play. Amanda Wingfield was a complex character that encompassed many facets of her personality. She longed to have the life she had as a girl and youngRead MoreThe Glass Menagerie By Tennessee Williams Essay1211 Words   |  5 Pagesmean that the concept of reality is nothing more than an imagined arena with society and our place in it being figments of our own design? Regardless of reality’s genesis or authenticity it is indeed persistent and inescapable. In his play, The Glass Menagerie, Tennessee Williams explores this notion of reality as a painful encroachment that all humans counteract with concocted fantasies and a willingness to exist in an illusionary state. While all of William’s characters exist in their individual realmsRead More Tennessee Williams The Glass Menagerie as a Tragedy Essay1498 Words   |  6 PagesTennessee Williams The Glass Menagerie as a Tragedy The Glass Menagerie has, of course, been labelled as many different types of play, for one, a tragedy. At first glance it is clear that audiences today may, indeed, class it as such. However, if, looking at the traditional definition of the classification tragedy, one can more easily assess whether or not the Glass Menagerie fits under this title. To do this I will be using the views of Aristotle, the Greek Read MoreThe Glass Menagerie by Tennessee Williams1525 Words   |  6 PagesThe Glass Menagerie, a family drama play written by Tennessee Williams, and published in 1945 tells a story of the Wingfield family as they struggles with choosing between one’s own personal dreams and accepting the reality of the family’s situation. The Glass Menagerie stresses the subject of failed endeavors to escape reality and to occupy an elaborate unsustainable fantasy world. â€Å"A blown-up photograph of the father hangs on the wall of the living room, to the left of the archway. It is the faceRead MoreThe Glass Menagerie As A Modern Drama And Tragedy1767 Words   |  8 PagesThe Glass Menagerie as a Modern Drama and Tragedy The Glass Menagerie by Tennessee Williams is classified as a modern drama and a modern tragedy. Modern drama plays are characterized by â€Å"social and cultural changes of America† and focus on more realistic matters. The characteristics of a modern drama allow for deeper characterization and understanding of the characters, and even lead to a more real and relatable lesson learned (Ableman). A play that falls under the category of a modern tragedy isRead MoreThe Glass Menagerie By Tennessee Williams1540 Words   |  7 PagesIt is easy to read through â€Å"The Glass Menagerie† by Tennessee Williams and quickly dismiss it has a play of a nagging mother, disheartened son, and socially incapable, whimsical sister. The three seem completely caught up in their own narrow mindedness they are blind to the reality around them. While these may all be true, the characters exhibit far more complications than the surface analysis proves. In Tennessee Williams play, the charact ers are full of complexities and contradictions. One ofRead MoreCritical Analysis Of The Glass Menagerie By Tennessee Williams1455 Words   |  6 Pagesposts for Samantha Stepzinski, or you can view the full discussion. from Discussion #1 - The Glass Menagerie Sep 8, 2017 10:31pm Click to change profile picture for Samantha Stepzinski In The Glass Menagerie by Tennessee Williams, the main topic of discussion is trying to find Laura a suitable gentleman caller that Amanda, her mother, would approve; however the overall theme is much deeper than that. Laura lives at home with both her mom and brother Tom. What s special about these 3 is that theyRead MoreTennessee Williams: His Life in quot;Suddenly Last Summerquot; and quot;The Glass Menageriequot;2784 Words   |  12 PagesSuddenly Last Summer and The Glass Menagerie, we can find a great deal of autobiographical connections. The Glass Menagerie is particularly considered the authors most biographical work. It is described by the playwright as a memory play; indeed, it is a memory of the authors own youth, an expression of his own life and experiences. Similarly, Suddenly Last Summer includes many of Tennesse Williams real life details. First and foremost, this analysis is going to be focused on the familiesRead MoreFool For Love Essay1601 Words   |  7 Pages   Glass    Mengarie,   by   Tennessee   Williams’   will   be   used.   These   ideals   of   the   Ã¢â‚¬Å"American    Dream†,   prioritized   family,   and   psyche   that   have   been   formulated   through   Williams’    work,   hold   verisimilitude   to   the   way   individuals   have   navigated   and   continue   to    navigate   through   the   twentieth   and   twenty- ­Ã¢â‚¬ first   century.       Background          The   Glass   Menagerie   isRead MoreThe Glass Menagerie By Tennessee Williams2140 Words   |  9 PagesThe Glass Menagerie by Tennessee Williams is a play that represents the revelation of truth, the struggle of accepting reality, and the realization of possession. We focus in on the Wingfield family consisting of the mother, Amanda, her daughter, Laura, her son, Tom, and her absent husband that ran off years ago, but still holds a presence in the household despite his absence. Considering that this play was set in the 40’s and deals with issues that the present society does not face, it seems that

Environmental Engineering Management †Free Samples for Students

Questions: Do heavy metals constitute deficiency of inorganic chemical hazards? Do soils become exposed to heavy metals through expansion of industries? Do heavy metals endangers both human and ecosystem? Answers: Introduction Heavy metals finds its way into the soils through the expanding industrial sector and urbanization. This metals come into contact directly into the soil by direct of disposal into the water bodies which are used directly to irrigate farms by farmers. Agricultural activities such as fertilizer application is becoming rampant and this has increase greatly the deposition of heavy metals. Heavy metals compose deficient chemicals and those may include lead, zinc, copper and cadmium and soil is the major deposition of this metals and their presence in the soil is persistent and takes a long time after they have been deposited to the soil and these may threaten living things majorly management beings and the ecosystem at large through direct contact, feeding on affected plants and even by feeding on other animals. Discussion Soils polluted by heavy metals Soils that are contaminated by these metals exhibit numerous characteristics that hinders plant growth. Some of the plants shows slow growth and reduced yield. Effects of heavy metals on plant growth Despite the fact that plants require heavy metals for growth and maintenance, presence of large amounts of these metals can be harmful to plants. Some plants accumulate this metals in order to acquire those metals that are required in small quantities. Biological Control Biological is control is the use of living things for the to remedy heavy metals pollution in the soil. This control is naturally accepted in that it occur naturally where plants and animals that feeds or require this metals are introduced. Research questions are important because they guide the researcher to avoid wandering away from the subject of study. Thus ensure proper focus on the area of study the researcher is concern about. Research questions act as boundaries in the study and does not allow the researcher to move out of the study area. Related Work Research Design The study was carried out under the cross section design procedure, a form of research method that would involves observation of the whole or a representative subset, at a given time. The purpose of cross section survey design was to find out the factors that contribute to accumulation of heavy metals and metalloid. Strengths is that the researcher becomes part of the study and take part physically in the research and clearly observe. Its limitations is that it is costly to the researcher alone may not meet the cost. Descriptive design Financial played a great role in this research. Descriptive data because of tabulation becomes appeal to those who are concern about the research while putting the data into graphs allow comparison of data. One limitation is that it is tiresome especially drawing of graphs and tabulating data. It is also time consuming because the research has to compare different data from different sources and thus have to look at the literature from journals and pe riodicals. Design Cross Section Research Design It is a research tool used to put together data which are collected at a specific point in time. Cross sectional design helps in removing assumptions and putting into actual data collected in a specific point in time accounted for in a cross-sectional study. Cross-sectional research provides useful data that informs all kinds of tasks to be undertaken. Cross-sectional research design has several advantages and also some of limitations. Advantages Does not require a lot of time and with less cost to perform It is a tool to prove assumptions or disapprove Gathers for a particular time Results are used in other research work Disadvantages May face some challenges in putting together the sampling pool Results can be skewed in case of conflict with the funding sources Does not help to determine cause and effect Experimental Design Experimental designs is a procedure that enable the researcher to test his hypothesis by reaching valid conclusions and involves conception framework where the research is conducted while correlational research is quantitative method where two variables and trying to determine their relationship. Correlational Design This is the study of the relationship between two variables that happens because another one has also happen. A good example is that of rise in the cost of fuel may cause a rise in the cost of foodstuff. This two variables are correlated in that an increase in the cost of one leads to an increase in the cost of the other this called positive correlation. Negative correlation is where an increase in the cost of one commodity leads to a decrease in the cost of the other. This research design is useful in the fact that it can be able to compare the two variables and show their relationship clearly. Some of the advantages include; easy comparison of data, clearly shows the relationships between the two variables and patterns are drawn from the conclusion of the study design. One limitation is it does not gather for independent variables which shows no relationships with the other. Ethnography is the systematic study of individual people and their cultures, this design allow the researcher to explore cultural behaviors and completely depicts or study the society from the point of view of the study. The researcher then represent the data graphically and through writing the norms and beliefs of that specific society of study. Cross-sectional research design helps in removing assumptions and putting into actual data and provides all kind of data that informs all kinds of tasks to be undertaken. Selection of research design depended on the type of data required by the researcher and the set-up of the society of study which require close contact with specific samples of study. Also data from cross-sectional research design can be used in the study of other research yet to be carried out. Ethical Issues Some ethical issues associated with the research is that the community of study may have norms in which they are not supposed to exposed to the researcher since it may be a taboo. There are also beliefs in different culture which may hinder the researcher from going deep into some specific details. Individuals from the area of study may not be willing to participate or fear the researcher thinking it may be betrayal to their society. This can be avoided by involving people from that ethnic community to be part of the study so they can be able to mentor the rest in their community. GROUP EFFECT ON PERFOMANCE P. VALUE A VS B 5.12 0.235 A VS C 2.35 0.002 B VS C 3.75 2.350 Analysis This is the relationships between two variables that is the effect on performance and the present value. The table above shows the relationship between groups A, B and C which are correlated. This shows that an increase in one variable leads to either positive or negative correlation i.e. an increase in variable A leads to decrease in either variable B and C Conclusion Plants that are found in heavily polluted areas exhibit slow growth and even the yield is low. The best control measure for heavy metals is biological control where plants and living thing which utilize this metals are used to extract this heavy metal deposition from the soil. This is considered the most efficient method since its control is beneficial to other living things and there is no other pollution to the environment may be through food chain References H. C. Shekar, D. Sammaiah, T. Shasthree, and K. J. Reddy, Effect of mercury on tomato growth and yield attributes, International Journal of Pharma and Bio Sciences, vol. 2, no. 2, pp. B358B364, 2011. Arya and B. K. Roy, Manganese induced changes in growth, chlorophyll content and antioxidants activity in seedlings of broad bean (Vicia faba L.), Journal of Environmental Biology, vol. 32, no. 6, pp. 707711, 2011. A.Hussain, N. Abbas, F. Arshad et al., Effects of diverse doses of lead (Pb) on different growth attributes of Zea mays L., Agricultural Sciences, vol. 4, no. 5, pp. 262265, 2013 Ghani, Toxic effects of heavy metals on plant growth and metal accumulation in maize (Zea mays L.), Iranian Journal of Toxicology, vol. 3, no. 3, pp. 325334, 2010 Ajaz Haja Mohideena, V. Thirumalai Arasuc, K. R. Narayananb, and M. I. Zahir Hussaind, Bioremediation of heavy metal contaminated soil by the exigobacterium and accumulation of Cd, Ni, Zn and Cu from soil environment, International Journal of Biological Technology, vol. 1, no. 2, pp. 94101, 2010. D. Jadia and M. H. Fulekar, Phytotoxicity and remediation of heavy metals by fibrous root grass (sorghum), Journal of Applied Biosciences, vol. 10, pp. 491499, 2008. Weyens, D. van der Lelie, S. Taghavi, L. Newman, and J. Vangronsveld, Exploiting plant-microbe partnerships to improve business production and remediation, Trends in Biotechnology, vol. 27, no. 10, pp. 591598, 2009 P. G. C. Marques, R. S. Oliveira, A. O. S. S. Rangel, and P. M. L. Castro, Zinc accumulation in Solanum nigrum is enhanced by different arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi, Chemosphere, vol. 65, no. 7, pp. 12561263, 2006 M. Cardoso and T. W. Kuyper, Mycorrhizas and tropical soil fertility, Agriculture, Ecosystems and Environment, vol. 116, no. 1-2, pp. 7284, 2006 F. Wright, V. S. Green, and M. A. Cavigelli, Glomalin in aggregate size classes from three different farming systems, Soil Tillage Research, vol. 94, no. 2, pp. 546549, 2007 U. Chibuike, Use of mycorrhiza in soil remediation: a review, Scientific Research and Essays, vol. 8, no. 35, pp. 16791687, 2013 Sheng and J. Xia, Improvement of rape (Brassica napus) plant growth and cadmium uptake by cadmium-resistant bacteria, Chemosphere, vol. 64, no. 6, pp. 10361042, 2006. Zaidi, S. Usmani, B. R. Singh, and J. Musarrat, Significance of Bacillus subtilis strain SJ-101 as a bioinoculant for concurrent plant growth promotion and nickel accumulation in Brassica juncea, Chemosphere, vol. 64, no. 6, pp. 991997, 2006. Madhaiyan, S. Poonguzhali, and S. A. Torgmin, Metal tolerating methylotrophic bacteria reduces nickel and cadmium toxicity and promotes plant growth of tomato (Lycopersicon esculentum L.), Chemosphere, vol. 69, no. 2, pp. 220228, 2007. Vivas, B. Bir, J. M. Ruz-Lozano, J. M. Barea, and R. Azcn, Two bacterial strains isolated from a Zn-polluted soil enhance plant growth and mycorrhizal efficiency under Zn-toxicity, Chemosphere, vol. 62, no. 9, pp. 15231533, 2006. S. Wang, J. S. Angle, R. L. Chaney, T. A. Delorme, and R. D. Reeves, Soil pH effects on uptake of Cd and Zn by Thlaspi caerulescens, Plant and Soil, vol. 281, no. 1-2, pp. 325337, 2006. Yi, Y. Hong, D. Wang, and Y. Zhu, Determination of free heavy metal ion concentrations in soils around a cadmium rich zinc deposit, Geochemical Journal, vol. 41, no. 4, pp. 235240, 2007. S. Rakesh Sharma and N. S. Correlation of heavy metal contamination with soil properties of industrial areas of Mysore, Karnataka, India by cluster analysis, International Research Journal of Environment Sciences, vol. 2, no. 10, pp. 2227, 2013.

Biography Of Pele Essays - Brazilian Footballers, Pele, Pel, Arantes

Biography of Pele Edson Arantes do Nascimento, more widely admired by the world as "Pel?", was born on October 23, 1940, in a small village in Brasil called Tr?s Coraes in the Brasilian state of Minas Gerais. He was baptized in the municipal church called Igreja da Sagrada Fam?lia de Jesus, Maria e Jos?. His father, Jo?o Ramos do Nascimento, or Dondinho, as he was known in the soccer world, was also a professional player. He was well-known as one of the best-heading players in his time. He was a center forward for Fluminense until an injury kept him from playing professional division one soccer. His mother Celeste gave Pel? and the rest of his family attention to their needs and a lot of love. When he was a child, Pel? and his family moved to Baur?, in the interior of the Brasilian state of S?o Paulo, where he learned to master the art of futebol. One day he himself confessed that he "tinha tr?s coraes [had three hearts]", referring to the city where he was born, Tr?s Coraes, and to Baur? and Santos. Pel?'s Career Pel?'s first job was shining shoes. But he had always dreamed of playing soccer. Pel?'s soccer career started early. After playing in a few amateur teams like Baquinho and Sete Setembro, at the age of 11, while playing for an uncoached team called Ameriquinha, he was discovered by a former Brasilian World Cup player named Waldemar de Brito. De Brito recognized Pel?'s skills and invited him to join the team he was organizing (Clube Atl?tico Baur). When Pel? was fifteen, in 1956, de Brito took him to the city of S?o Paulo to try out for the professional club called Santos Futebol Clube (SFC). That day, de Brito told the team directors that "This boy will be the greatest soccer player in the world." Pel?'s first show came on September 7, 1956, when he played in place of the center forward Del Vecchio. He came into the game to score the sixth of the seven goals in the 7-1 Santos victory. He scored his goal on the 36th minute, in a play between Raimundinho and Tite. The ball was given to Pel? in the box, and even though he was surrounded by defenders, he shot on goal and the ball went under goalkeeper Zaluar's body. Zaluar became famous as the first goalkeeper to take a goal from the great Pel?. From there, the trip to the summit was fast. In his first league game with Santos, he scored four goals. The next season, he was a regular starter and came out score leader of the S?o Paulo state league, with 32 goals.

Law and Order Scenerio essays

Law and Order Scenerio essays A young teenage girl by the name of Jackie Lendrix is raped, and an older woman by the name of Karen is murdered and raped in the same area. After she is raped the police start questioning everyone that is a suspect. Jackie tells the D.A. that she was blind folded and couldnt see who it was. The first to be suspected is Mr. Randal. Her dad rents a room in there house to this forty year old man. To make things look more suspicious to the cops is that the room is right next to Jackies. The cops ask if they can have a DNA sample. Mr. Randal agrees. The police find two matches of the DNA which was retrieved from Jackie. Mr. Randals DNA matched it, but so did his friends Charles Enos. Before they question Mr. Randal again, they question Mr. Enos. The police tell him that the DNA found in Jackie was his. He told the police, Why would he want jail bait when he can get it from her mom. The police then question Mr. Randal again. They tell him that the DNA he gave them was the same DNA found in Jackie. He claims that he has sex with the mother for money from Tom her husband. The police have an idea that the dad is sick minded and might be a sexual obsessive Narcissus. He might just use the kids as vicaress sexual partners. The children wont say anything about their parents actions because they love them. This is called child sexual abusive commendation syndrome. The police quickly put their children to a safe house. While picking them up, they find out that Mr. Lendrix has two kids from a different man. To make things worst, Tom is the one that insisted she should have kids from other men to keep their family going. They question Tom. He denies any such action of hurting his girls in anyway. After questioning Tom, the police go to the safe house to question Jackie. Jackie then opens up and tells them that her dad forced a syringe in her vagina. She told him to stop, bu...

History of Modern Architecture Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words - 1

History of Modern Architecture - Essay Example Farnsworth is painted white in color while Philip Johnson’s house was painted black. Farnsworth house has a glass wall with minimal framing enclosed in two-thirds of the space between the planes leaving an open porch at one end. A third plane smaller but of the same proportions as the other two is placed alongside at low level to serve as an entrance terrace. Two shorts but wide flight of steps ink ground to terrace and lawn to porch inside the house. Farnsworth house is a freestanding building within a building within a building accommodates the servant space kitchen two bathrooms and a utility room. There are no other fixed walls. Other things are refinement for example the apparent asymmetric of the composition that is the relationship between the floor slab and the enclosing glass wall or between the house and the terrace. The house also has millions of thinnest possible steel bar, dividing the glass the big glass panes into perfect squares. Every floor both inside and outside is paved in the same white travertine. The hardwood flank walls of the service core to stop short of the ceiling to preserve the unity of the living space. Source:http://www.google.com/imgres?imgurl=http://www.vitruvius.com.br/media/images/magazines/grid_9/e5b03b34418f_image002_furnari_02_cortesecob.jpg&imgrefurl=http://www.vitruvius.com.br/revistas/read/arquitextos/11.130 Johnson House is made of the herringbone brick that is the ground sheet is under floor heated, and glass walls protected against the wind and snow. It is very important to note that in Farnsworth House, the structures are paramount, and that is the H-steel supports the standing in for the classical columns. In John’s house, the steel columns are just part of the frame holding the glass. This gives a neat detail however not expensive. The four single doors, one in the middle of each wall only act as air vents to keep the non-air-conditioned house cool during

What is Humaneering' Should this be the aim of Psychology Essay

What is Humaneering' Should this be the aim of Psychology - Essay Example d physiology should lead to as striking advances in â€Å"humaneering† during the twentieth century.† (The Psychology of Normal People (1940) p.24. ) Today, humaneering is managerial technology that integrates human- science-based knowledge concerning work into a new applied science. It is defined as â€Å"the application of biological, psychological and social science principles to the design, development, and operation of economical and efficient organizations, processes, and human work systems.† In comparison, engineering differs by its application of physical science principles to structures, equipment and machine-like processes.(www.pepitone.com/content/know-technology.asp )- duty to ‘change the world’. However, they are often highly critical of institutionalized social psychology. Many of them go further, by using their study of the discipline as a form of political activism to challenge oppression. You will generally find that the topics studied by critical social psychologists are ones concerned in some way with the abuse of power. Sometimes they specifically address issues of domination, exploitation and abuse. Examples include Wetherell and Potter’s (1992) study of racism, and According to psychologist Gordon Allport, social psychology is a discipline that uses scientific methods "to understand and explain how the thought, feeling and behavior of individuals are influenced by the actual, imagined, or implied presence of other human beings" (1985). Social psychology looks at a wide range of social topics, including group behavior, social perception, leadership, nonverbal behavior, conformity, aggression, and prejudice. It is important to note that social psychology is not just about looking at social influences. Social perception and social interaction are also vital to understanding social behavior. While Plato referred to the idea of the "crowd mind" and concepts such as social loafing and social facilitation were introduced in

Issues in development theory

Issues in development theory Issues In Development Theory The only kind of development that matters is economic growth everything else will follow. ISSUES IN DEVELOPMENT THEORY INTRODUCTION This paper reviews some ideas surrounding the complex but contested concept of development, including those relating to economic growth. A distinction between development and economic growth models was attempted to expose ideas from these models and my own perception about models. In analysing, contemporary issues on development and growth of any nation, it can be looked at from various perspectives ranging from policy failures and / or implementation failures or resources inadequacy and / or sub optimality in the allocation of resources.   In fact, problems emanating out of domestic market failure and / or government failure are always manifested in increased levels of unemployment inflection and poverty. The concepts of development in general and economic development have often been treated as synonymous concepts. However, the theory of economic development of a country may be associated with (amongst other things) rising incomes and related increases in consumption savings and investment. (Berkeley Hill, 2006) From my own point of view, there is far more to economic development than growth in incomes.   It is therefore suffice to say that if income distribution is highly skewed, growth may not be accompanied by much progress towards the goals that are usually associated with economic development.   Development is also traced to the economic causes of continued poverty and under-development of various nations which actually indicates level of employment and standard of living in a particular nation (IFPRI 2009).   In essence, increasing the output or the gross national income of any nation should automatically lead to increase in social welfare, happiness and longevity due to i ncrease in total production and consumption. The contemporary any issues are not recent issues but issues that have emanated since the inception of development economic while others crept in with temper of time. A lot of contemporary issues relating to development economics have been in existence for so long.   Some of the issues relating to development are indeed as old as human civilisation! HISTORICAL PERSPECTIVES OF DEVELOPMENT This paper proposes that the meaning of development is contentious because of how it has been defined and viewed over time. Since the end of Second World War, when both existing and post war obstacles like underdevelopment, leadership problem, lack of cooperation or coordinating Bodies like UN in the world, underutilization of   available resources. According to Nayyar 2003, since the end of Second World War, more attentions had been paid to underdevelopment; mainstream development theory was largely the ambit of economists. Due to this, much of early development discourse, centered on economic theories and models, which emphasised and aimed to achieve production and resource allocation efficiency. The primary aim of the theories was to enhance productivity, effective resources allocation and improve standard of living. It is mostly believe rapid economic growth will improve the standard of living of people who participated in it through the trickle down effect. These theories were heavily criticised when there were no signs of economic growth and development which led to development of alternative approach. The alternative approaches supplemented the existing theories in promoting equitable and sustainable economic growth with enhance standard of living. However, as a result of previously developed theories, this paper will select, describe and further analyse a few of the theories to illustrate their different perspectives of economic development. Basis of controversy will be analysed and finally gradual steps of mainstream development thinking and practice will be shown with the enlargement of development agenda, making the meaning of development less contentious than its has been in the past. During the 1950s and 1960s, development theories like Rostows and Harrod Domars growth models, postulated development as series of stages that a country will naturally pass through (Todaro and Smith, 2006), (Gore, 1999). These stages are invariably noted in European countries and other developed countries but seemed not yet taken place in Africa countries because there were no notable signs of economic developments. According to Thirlwal 2003 they only required meeting the right conditions such as saving and investment levels to move from one stage to another. These theories believe for there to be economic development there must be massive capital investment and definitely economic growth would automatically follow failing to take cognizance of other factors like good planning, even distribution of income, corruption free environment, effective budget implementations and review. They only required meeting the right conditions such as saving and investment levels to move from one stage to another (Thirlwal, 2003). They argued that many developing countries were in same situation that developed countries had been in before they developed. It should be noted that most of these developed countries had no reference point or direct guidance like economic theories on how best to develop then while all these theories, models and planning tools are available at the disposal of developing countries to develop now they still find it difficult if not impossible to develop. This means there are other silent techniques, information or management theories that are directly involved in economic developments. Around the same period from 1960 to 1970 development meant modernisation through the structural transformation of an economy as in Lewis model (Thirlwal, 2003),(Stiglitz, 2001). This is true in actual fact because they i.e Thirlwal and Stiglitz based their studies and assumptions of developed countries having undergone series of economic growth stages supported by adequate government policies and strategies which increase the standard of living positively. Simultaneously, there were some structural transformations of economic in underdeveloping countries like Nigeria that did not bring on economic developments. For instance, Operation Feed The Nation introduced by General Obasanjo did not actually improved the standard of living and there were no signs of economic development because of other factors like lack of amenities, management and leadership problem, Inconsistency in government policies and strategies, Political Instability.    This model and others like it described development as the transformation of a typically rural subsistence economy to a more modern urbanised industrial one (Todaro and Smith, 2006). Advanced economies consistently ensure economic stability, economic growth and increase in per capital income to ensure there is economic development. This transformation was done by more efficient resource utilisation which led to improvements in productivity and economic growth. It was also implicitly assumed that economic growth due increased productivity would result in increased earnings for firms, and workers, which would eventually lead to improvement of human welfare (Elliott, 2002), (Todaro and Smith, 2006). Most of these theories assumed that there is direct relationship between economic growth, efficient resources allocation and production efficiency. They argued that before economic development could be achieved, there must be increased savings and investments, domestic and international factors like inflations, exchange rate, interest rate, unemployment level must be effectively considered and factors into policies and strategies. They believed that if these constraints were removed, developing countries could grow at an even faster rate than the industrialised nations (Todaro and Smith, 2006). From critical angles, it is believed that most of the developing countries problem are from developed countries through bad debt management system, lack of adequate knowledge in financial market and instruments, balance of trade, insincerity of the political leaders and some other indices. During the 1970s Dependency theories emerged which expressed discontent with previous development models (Desai and Potter, 2002). This theory i.e dependency theory studied relationship between industrial economies and developing economies. It showed the business and non business interaction between the developed and developing countries. Contributions and impacts of both economies were analyzed to identify loopholes and provide further studies for future reference of the economic developments. These models, it was argued, had a narrow meaning of development and only served to further uplift the already well off and suppress the poor (Leys, 1996), (Thirlwal, 2003).   This theory complements the existing theories that economic development is a function of economic growth and improved standard of living. While many of their principles were essentially structuralist in nature (Hettne, 2002) and acknowledged that economic growth was necessary for development, they had no faith in relyi ng solely on market forces and the trickle down effect as a mechanism for facilitating development. They argued that the trickle down effect often failed to materialise and the privates sector could not, due to its profit motive, promote equitable income distribution, provide essential goods and services to poorer sections of society and remote areas at affordable prices (Gore, 1999), (Todaro and Smith, 2006). They assumed the government role is prominent and can only supplement if needed. But their assumption was wrong because most of the countries that adopted the thoughts failed and there were no much development in the countries. This is because government policies and strategies were not properly supported to ensure even distribution of income due to profit maximization objective of private firms. Some of the developing countries especially Africans developmental plan failed due high level of corruption, lack of financial planning and review, lack of institutional capacity, pol itical and economic instability and uneven distribution of incomes. In addition because their views were drawn from Marxist ideology many of their views were attacked and discredited by influential western critics. Its influence was further eroded by the collapse of the Soviet Union (Leys, 1996),(Shuurman, 2002). This thought were criticised by many theorist and western critics, who believe both government and private firms should balance the economic development goals. In the 1980s the neoclassical counterrevolutionaries or neo liberals like earlier classical theorists advocated that development was caused by economic growth which could be achieved through applying supply side macroeconomic policies, rational expectations theories and privatisation of public corporations, freer trade, export expansion, removal of state planning and regulation of economic activities (Desai and Potter, 2002), (Todaro and Smith, 2006). They are of opinion that market is determined by the interaction of demand and supply of goods and services while at times government policies and strategies could negatively affect economic developments. In support of their arguments, countries like Mexico, Taiwan, Singapore South Korea and several other Asian countries were given as examples of free market success stories (Gore, 1999). Unfortunately, the East Asian crisis led to questions being asked about the soundness allowing free market polices drive the economy while the state i nterfered little (Chang, 2003), (Desai and Potter, 2002). However, surprisingly, the actual contributions of the free market and government to Asian Tigers success and crash   is also a controversial issue (Onis and Senses, 2005), (Adelman, 2001). The theories are of opinions that government influence on market should be little while the interaction of demand and supply of determine price and market with government monitoring through budgets and financial instruments like treasury bills, treasury certificate, bonds etc. Since the late 1980s neo -liberalism, just like earlier classical theories, has been criticised for its overemphasis on economic growth as the key to development (Onis and Senses, 2005). They argued that much emphasis was placed on economic growth as the key component of economic development. They believed there are other components that must be present before economic development could be proclaimed. Furthermore, despite the initial success of a few East Asian countries, many countries which had implemented recommendations advocated by the major proponents of neo liberalism , the IMF and the World Bank (Gore, 1999) , did not record much or robust improvement and in some cases became poorer (White, 2002), (Leys, 1996), (Thirlwal, 2003). They argued that if the necessary components of economics developments other than economic growth are available poverty would be reduced and standard of living will improve especially those in developing countries. DEVELOPMENT AND ECONOMIC GROWTH Some theories were developed in 1990s, proposed some approaches to development e.g Sens capability approach, UNDPs sustainable human development approach. These theories are of opinion that any economic development or whatsoever depends on human capital/resources of a nation. According to Allen 2000, It is believed that economic policies or strategies should be people centred as opposed to the growth centred Sen 1999 also argued development means an individual is able to obtain physical necessities, have a job, participate in government, belong to a nation that is truly independent, have adequate education, be treated as an equal, meet their needs of the present without compromising the ability of future generations, and be free from social dislocation, violence and war, poverty, tyranny, poor economic opportunities, systematic social deprivation through neglect of public facilities and intolerance or over activity of a repressive state. This school of thought believe if human beings or citizens of a nation are well developed and catered for definitely the economy will be growing and automatically lead to economic development. It also means there cannot be anything refers to a country or nation without its citizens and all economic activities and operations of the country is carried out by nobody except those that have been adequately and properly developed. Despite these criticisms, UNDPs approach did not entirely discredit the Washington Consensus agreeing with and reinforcing its economic growth centred development and macro level policy reform recommendations (Gore, 1999). This therefore means that for an economy to develop, there must be economic growth, good human resources/capital and improved standard of living. The Washington consensus was challenged by Southern Consensus in 1990s. Gore explains that like earlier dependence school theorists they argued that previous theories based on market and production efficiency and effectiveness fundamentals could not be used as a standard model that every developing country must follow. This then followed argument that theories that market and production efficiency and effectiveness should not be used as standard yardstick for all developing countries. They didnt disregard all the recommendations of classical theorist that placed emphasis that economic growth is the core component of economic development but argued that intensive capital savings and accumulations supported by favourable balance of trade/payment, standard of living and efficient utilisation of resources were necessary to ensure rapid economic development. They also are of opinion that active utilisation of opportunities provided by international trade/relationship like foreign aids/grants, exports and importation, foreign investments, innovations  Ã‚   should be considered in both macro and micro economic policies and strategies. Another theory of economic development that share the same view with the Sens capability Approach and UNDPs Sustainable Human Development approach is the Alternative Development Approach. Alternative Approach supports people and participatory centred practices and redefining the objectives of development. It has some similarities with the classical approaches to development. It was developed after due consideration to the criticisms of previous development approaches. Alternative development can be considered as a combination of the criticisms of previous development approaches (Pieterse, 2001). Due to its inclusive nature, it was argued that it did not present any new perspective to meaning or definitions of economic development. Alternative Approach basically selected useful recommendations/thoughts from different approaches to develop its theory/thought. He and Kothari and Minogue (2002) further argued that the distinction between alternative development and mainstream development theories varies with time as mainstream development thinking integrates many of the principles of theories which have criticised it. This then supports the earlier argument of Pieterse 2001 that Alternative approach use combination of criticisms of previous development approaches. Neo liberation adopted many concepts and assumptions of Washington Consensus policy despite its earlier criticisms of the policy. The final product , as some had proposed and predicted, was a form of post Washington consensus with a broader development agenda (Stiglitz, 2001) (Gore, 1999), (Onis and Senses, 2005). The neo-liberation worked extensively on recommendations of Washington Consensus in developing its own theories. This new version is evident in current IMF and World Bank development assistance packages which emphasise integration of previous top down and bottom up approaches as is evident in the formulation processes of country poverty reduction strategy papers which are a prerequisite to obtain assistance from them (Wolfensohn and Fischer, 2000).   Because of its advance work and recommendations on Washington Consensus Policy, IMF and World Bank used its recommendations in formulating policies in granting assistances to countries that need financial aids. In the early 1990s another developmental theories came on board called Right Based Approach to Development. Musembi and Cornwall explained that its origins are that many struggle for the realisation of all sorts of rights that have been taking place ever since the advent of colonialism, such as countries likes Kenya, Nigeria, and Zimbabwe. This occurred basically when these countries believed the welfare of the countries and their citizens could be better when given freedom. They believed that economic development would be faster than when managed by colonial masters.   This approach is basically to integrate human right with economic development. The United Nations has been advocating that human right and freedom is the key to economic development for the past four decades. Just recent it has emerged that sustainable human development and human right approach are core components of economic development for any nation. The Right Based Approach did not present totally new idea/thought just like Alternative Development Approach to economic development but mere advanced recommendations on previous theories with adequate considerations to current economic issues.   However, what is striking about it is that it attempts to introduce a sense of collective responsibility and precise obligations on the international community to create a conducive environment for the realisation of the rights to development (OHCHR, 1986).   The Right Based approach to Development only makes recommendations to ensure freedom to all countries and grants fundamental human right to everybody believing if this is done economic growths, enhanced standard of livings, even distribution of incomes that would speed up economic development would be easily realized. Of late Neo liberal ideals have culminated in the form of globalisation (integration into the world economy) (Hettne, 2002) advocating that it is not only a means of ensuring efficiency and equity but growth and development of the world economy (Chang, 2003).   It was argued that there are hidden benefits and advantages that would accrue if the concept of globalization was embraced particularly by underdeveloped countries.   Benefits like latest technology and innovations, information, financial exchanges, flows of goods and services, openness, direct investments, international trade, ideas and opinions will move from one country to another with different knowledge, experience, resources and technical know-how which will ultimately lead to development. The fundamental belief is that it will increase prosperity for those join the system and marginalise those who do not (Gore, 1999). This concept was developed in 1970s but recently been promoted more by the advanced countries afte r fall of communism.   However, despite the claims that it is a driver of development it has generated uneven results with some countries prospering and other becoming more impoverished (Watkins and others, 2005). This is because there are some silent variables that have direct influence on all economic development variables like available resources to back policies, corruptions with the system, economic and political stability, consistency in leadership and management programme. This is one of the reasons why one policies or approach will work like a magic in one country and will fail woefully in another country. For Instance, most of these approaches work in advanced economies but otherwise in developing countries like Nigeria, Ghana where economic and political are not stable, corruptions is on high side, planning and implementations are not in place talk less of constant review and adjustments. According to Kothan and Minogue, 2002 one reason why the development theories mentioned above and others like them disagreed on development is due to failure to agree on what the objectives of development are. This means there are lots of arguments of what could be regarded as economic developments. There are numerous types of objectives that may be set as the purpose of development explicitly or otherwise (Potter, 2002).   That is why what many people see as development many only be regarded as just growth by others. It is claimed that objective may be political, economic or social, the most important is what the country/nation set to achieve. For instance classical theories promoted the concept of development as economic growth by modernisation, changing from old to newer more efficient and effective ways of resources use and allocation, and production (Stiglitz, 2001). Meanwhile, more egalitarian objectives are set out to be achieved by others like people centred approaches, dep endence theorists. They argued that those who were unable to participate in the structural transformation processes were often marginalised, remained poor or became poorer because they did not have the required skills, knowledge or financial resources (Todaro and Smith, 2006). That is they encouraged citizens to be empowered and trained because they are whatever the country achieved. They argued that they are the real economic development driver. Steps in economic developments and associated changes are also causing disagreements. While linear stage theorists argued that Development is a process which countries, regions or societies go through either naturally or deliberately (Todaro and Smith, 2006) , others rejected the notion of having a blue print and time frame for development that is applicable to all countries (Gore 1999), (Adelman, 2001). They argued that different countries are in different stages and situation and therefore required different attentions. The factors like economic, political, cultural, social, technological of one country differs from other, have effects on its economic development policies and strategies and must be monitored accurately to achieve economic development.   This then embraces call for a bottom up rather than a top bottom theory. Development may be universally accepted as improvement in well being but the there can be no prescription of what this well being entails (Pieterse, 2001), ( Nayyar, 2003), (Sen, 1999), (Stiglitz, 2001), (Gore, 1999). And they also argued that economic growth resulted from natural resources is no substitutes for features like corrupt free environment, justice and equity treatment and stable economic environment. Classical and neoclassical theorists believed the core basis of economic development is gross domestic product per capital. The interpretation of economic growth as meaning development and the use of changes in gross domestic product per capita, by the classical and neoclassical theorists,   has also been criticised for its unsuitability   as a measure of development (Thirlwal, 2002).   They are criticised because they believe there are other parameters in measuring economic development. They further argued that increases in material wealth or total productions is only what economic growth deals with but failed to consider others like income distributions, composition of goods and services and general standard of livings. Furthermore, it has been noted that the rewards of improved productivity and economic efficiency accrue largely to owners of capital and the majority of the population are left only slightly better off (Pieterse, 2001).   They argued that components of econo mic development include economic growth, even distribution of income and standard of livings. Roles play by government of countries in economic developments is largely influenced by international factors. Conflict also may arise because governments have to contend with the decline in their sovereignty over their countrys development (Thomas and Allen, 2000). Government has to make efficient and effective utilization of resources available while also considering the influence of international communities and bodies. Development is now being influenced to a large extent by international finance, official development agencies, non governmental agencies, and community based organisations (Khor, 2003), (Kothari and Minogue, 2002).   The effect of international factors on economic developments of every nation is very important most especially developing countries that rely mostly on international loans and grants to supplement their revenues.   According to Desai and Potter, 2002 government now merely provide a conducive atmosphere in which these international agencies can prom ote development. This has been on increase in recent times whereby government make provisions for international agencies aids and grants in the annual budget basically for capital projects that stimulate economic developments. Conflict also may arise because governments have to contend with the decline in their sovereignty over their countrys development (Thomas and Allen, 2000). Development is now being influenced to a large extent by international finance, official development agencies, non governmental agencies, and community based organisations (Khor, 2003), (Kothari and Minogue, 2002).   Governments now merely provide a conducive atmosphere in which these agencies can promote development (Desai and Potter, 2002).   This has naturally given rise to sources of resentment, since governments are sometimes sidelined. Suspicions also arise concerning who is meant to benefit from aid and loan conditions, which recommend macro and micro level policy reforms. Misunderstandings often arise about whose development is being sought. For instance it has been argued that donors often provide assistance to further their own interests (Kothari and Minogue, 2002). They formulate loan conditions and support developm ent projects with the aim of improving their own industries profitability by providing business through establishing new markets, investment opportunities, and   tied aid (Desai and Potter, 2002), (Thomas and Allen, 2000) or access to cheap raw materials as during the colonial era (Leys, 1996), (Thirlwal, 2003), (Pieterse, 2001). Assistance provided in this manner may not benefit the recipient country in the long run since most of the aid will be repatriated in the case of tied aid. Some have even argued that despite the large amounts of aid provided to developing countries very few of them have actually developed much because much of it was not intended for development   (Thomas and Allen, 2000).   This means that for foreign loan or aids to achieve its developmental objectives, governments must channel them to appropriate sector of economy and ensure good and effective management of the resources. The promotion of economic growth and drive towards globalised world has also met with resistance due to the replacement of old way of life with new ones (OConnor, 2002). This issue is really retarding economic development because some people find it extremely very difficult to adapt to changes. Some in developing countries has expressed concern and their discontent with   foreign influences which have invaded their ways of life, stressing that development does not necessarily have be accompanied with disposal of even the good cultural values that previously existed (Athreya, 2002), (Varley, 2002), (OToole and Macgarvey, 2003). It is argued that that is direct relationship between economic development and ways of life. Some of the fundamental cultures of developed countries are introduced to developing countries because they assumed it is the part of development theories that succeed in the developed countries. Meanwhile, most of the developing countries have their ways doing things and find it difficult to change. In addition economic growth does not compensate for the depletion of damage caused to the environment from which peoples livelihoods, health and future development depend (Thirlwal, 2003). This therefore means that economic development include economic growths, even distribution of incomes, enhanced standard of livings and increased productivity. Another aspect of development worth noting is definition of scope of development by different entities over time. Some choose to define it narrowly as was the case in colonial days, while others such as dependence theorists and most of the people centred and sustainable development approaches have a broader conceptualisation of development (Leys, 1996), (Pieterse, 2001), (Nyamu-Musembi and Cornwall, 2004).   They all see development from different angle and perspective but they all pointing to one direction that economic development is something that must be pursue and achieved. This is more so of current rights based approaches and in particular the United Nations Millennium Development Goals which articulate development as a set of entitlements which people have the right to demand realisation of from their governments and the international community (Nyamu-Musembi and Cornwall, 2004), (OHCHR, 1986). It is the duty of every government to ensure economic development and ensure it is supported with productivity and adequate resources. Due to this broader meaning, development is no longer confined to prescriptions from donors, special interest groups, elected representatives or technocrats. It includes everything required for human well being (Nayyar, 2003), (Sen, 1999) . Development ensures freedom to all citizens and empowered them towards contributing meaningfully to the success of their state.

Tess of the D´Urbervilles :: Essays Papers

Tess of the D ´Urbervilles Tess of the d ´Urbervilles written by Thomas Hardy is a novel about a young girl of a poor family whose life changes because someone tells her family that they belong to a noble family. But is it a bad change or a good one? This story is written in third person point of view. John Durbeyfield is walking through the street at night and suddenly a historian visiting the town, stops and tells him that his last name is really d ´Urberville and it belongs to a noble family. Sir John hurries and tells the news to his family. He is a very poor man. So he tells his young daughter, Tess, to go find job at their â€Å"family’s† town, but Tess’s mother never warned her about how mean man can be. There, Tess meets a man, Alec d ´Urberville, and in a short time he manages to seduce her and he forces her to do something she didn’t want to. She leaves immediately that town and shortly after finds out that she is pregnant but her baby, soon after being born, dies. This makes her have a lot of anger towards men. When she goes to find a job at another town she meets a very charming man, Angel Clare, and very soon they fall in love and get married, but when Tess tells him her dark secret he is not able to forgive her after he has done wrong too by having relations with a woman he did not love, and knowing it was not Tess’s fault. He then leaves her. While Angel is gone Alec starts to seduce Tess again and she falls for him again. When Angel realizes he was wrong it was too late. Tess then realizes she really loves Angel. Alec was still that mean man she had met and was forced to kill him. Angel and Tess are finally very happy, but just for two days because Tess is put in jail and killed. Alec ends up marrying Tess’s sister Liza-Lu like Tess wanted when she knew she was going to be killed. This story takes place in the countryside of England at first in a little village called Marlott, a poor place in a little cottage where she and her family live, and then in several other towns a bit more sophisticated.

Genetically Modified Food is bad Essay

The debate on whether genetically modified foods are safe for human consumption is marked with controversy in the political, social, academic, and economic fronts of our community. Proponents of genetically modified foods claim that it is the only viable solution to the food insecurity problem that is eminent in the global community (Roth, 2000). Some scientific research findings have claimed that genetically modified foods have substantial levels of safety for human consumption. Nevertheless, the long term health safety of genetically modified foods has never been confirmed (Atherton, 2002). Despite the numerous claims made by proponents of genetically modified foods, there has been not concrete evidence to qualify such claim, a factor that makes consumption of such foods a risk to the human health. Genetically modified foods have been evidently closely associated with some long term health complications (Atherton, 2002). According to available statistical evidence, the global community is witnessing an increase in the occurrences of terminal diseases such as obesity. This trend has been closely attributed to the ever increasing usage of genetically modified foods in the community (Roth, 2000). Records have shown that thousands of thousands of Americans have fallen victims of obesity. Indeed, this health problem has become an issue of national concern in the American society. According to scientist, the problem has been escalated by the common trends of Americans in using fast foods. This is because, such foods lack fiber components, which are crucial to the human body. Another reason given is that such foods contain high levels of energy, which are usually not necessary to the body. Therefore, genetically modified foods are no doubt a leading cause of the increasing numbers of obese people in the community. Although numerous scientific research finding claim substantial health safety for the consumption of genetically modified foods, no search has been conducted to qualify the potential long term health risk brought by such foods (Karlsson, 2003). It has been established that gene modification can result into totally different type of gene whose impact in the human body can not be predicted. Based on this reasoning it is certain that genetically modified foods cannot be claimed safe unless sufficient research has been conducted. Still on the question of safety is the fact that modified genes are commonly made using denatured toxins, which serve to make the foods more robust to infections (Roth, 2000). According to scientific claims, these toxins are in essence poisonous to the human body cells upon long term accumulation (Roth, 2000). In fact this is what has been identified as potential allergens in genetically modified foods which make some people susceptible to their consumption. In conclusion therefore, genetically modified foods are a potential risk to the sustainable health of the human community. We are no doubt experiencing the impact such have from the ever increasing illnesses such as cases of obesity in the community. Since the question of the long term safety of these foods to the human body are significantly eminent, biotechnology products should be regarded as an issue of concern for the long term social and economic development of the community. Just as is rightly claimed, with the available natural resources and modern technological advancements, the world is capable of supplying its population with sufficient food (Roth, 2000). Therefore, any claim of genetically modified foods being the only solution to the world food security is misleading. It only serves as an indication of ignorance and lack of concern for the sustainable future of the human community. References Atherton, K. (2002). Genetically Modified Crops: Assessing Safety. London: Taylor & Francis. Karlsson, M. (2003). Biosafety Principles for GMOs in the Context of Sustain. International Journal of Sustainable Development and World Ecology, 10, 12-43. Roth, G. (2000). Between the Rows: Sideline View of the GMO Debate. Retrieved January 17, 2010, from http://biotech. cas. psu. edu/articles/between_the_rows. htm

The Death With Dignity Act and Physician Assisted Suicide...

The Death With Dignity Act and Physician Assisted Suicide Introduction According to the American Medical Association (1996), physician-assisted suicide (PAS) occurs when a physician facilitates a patient’s death by providing either the means or the information necessary to aid in the patient performing the life-ending act. PAS has had a long and controversial history dating back to the ancient Greeks and Romans. They believed that there was no reason to prolong life if continued pain and suffering was the only prognosis. The term euthanasia, in fact, stems from the Greek meaning a good death. It was not until Hippocrates and his Hippocratic Oath, cautioning against deadly medicine towards patients, that a different view was seen.†¦show more content†¦The DWDA contained strict regulations and guidelines governing the usage of PAS. Some of its main points were as follows. The patient must be able to make a fully informed and voluntary decision based on a terminal diagnosis of less than six months of life by two separate physicians. The p atient had to submit two oral and one written request with a waiting period of 15 days between both oral requests and a 48-hour period between the final written request and disbursement of the requested medication. The DWDA did not allow for either mercy killing or active euthanasia, in which the physician performs the act of administering the fatal drug or drugs. The medicines prescribed were either pentobarbital, secobarbital or a combo of amobarbital and secobarbital. It also punishes anyone found to be coercing the patient to use this option. In 1998, the first full year that the DWDA was in effect, 23 residents of Oregon received PAS prescriptions. Out of those 23, 15 patients died from following through with taking the medication. Between 1998 and 2007, a total of 292 deaths in Oregon have been due to PAS. The most common reasons reported for choosing this option were fear of losing their autonomy (100%), fear of losing their dignity (86%), and a decreased ability to par ticipate in the activities that made their life enjoyable (86%) (Lachman, 2010). The majority of the patients choosing PASShow MoreRelatedEssay about Euthanasia Allows Death with Dignity1347 Words   |  6 Pagesending illnesses and insufferable pain? Physician-assisted suicide should be legalized because people should have the right to end their lives when they choose to and contrary to popular belief, physician-assisted suicide will not leave the presumably vulnerable helpless. Many fear the legalization of physician-assisted suicide will lead to out of control doctors who take it upon themselves to decide who lives, who dies, and when. Physician-assisted suicide has been practiced in the NetherlandsRead MoreThe Debate Of Assisted Suicide1747 Words   |  7 Pages The topic of assisted suicide is very controversial and is heavily debated upon all around the world. While physician assisted suicide is only legal in the Netherlands, Switzerland, and a few states in the U.S., it is illegally practiced widely by physicians and nurses, such as Dr. Jack Kevorkian. I first heard of physician assisted suicide when the death of Dr. Kevorkian, an assisted suicide advocate and a suicide aid, was on the news in 2011. Kevorkian assisted in the suicide of many patientsRead MoreThe Fight Over Assisted Suicide1746 Words   |  7 Pagesthirty years the fight over assisted suicide has earned a spot in the national spotlight, for both positive and negative reasons depen ding on your stance on the issue. There have been challenges made based off the constitution, the right to privacy and moral reasons for both sides. 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